The Importance of Academic Interests Essay Samples

The Importance of Academic Interests Essay SamplesAcademic interests essays should be used to not only prepare for exams, but also to build a personality. There are several factors that are important to know before writing your essays. It can help to know what type of academic interest you have, and then to figure out how you will use this interest to help you in school and in life. This is essential, because the last thing you want is to give a boring, impersonal opinion on your subject!We all know what academic interests are, but there are several different types that can make your essay stand out from the rest. If you are taking high school English or an AP Calculus test, you may need to explore those subjects first. You can always mix and match the various academic interests if you discover that one interests you more than the others.Academic interests should also be combined with a sense of humor. You do not want to stick to just one subject area, and make it boring. Instead, ma ke the topic funny and interesting!This can be done by mixing different elements into your academic interests essay samples. For example, you could consider writing about something from your favorite sports team. Another way to combine academic interests with humor is to write about something that you enjoy doing, such as collecting stamps or playing online poker.Some other elements that you might want to include in your academic interests essay samples include sports, music, and movies. These topics might be general subjects, or they might relate to the specific career path you are pursuing. For example, you might discover that your favorite sport is fishing, and your family likes to watch sports, so combining these elements can show the differences between your past and future.These academic interests essay samples should help you get started when composing your own essay. They are much more than just writing down your thoughts, and they can actually have an impact on your grades. However, you should always make sure that you complete your task, and that your topic is going to be relevant to your test or exams. Not every subject is going to require that your essay be as specific as it can be.To add variety to your academic interests essay samples, look for student workbooks that contain sample academic essays. These are perfect for looking at how you can adapt your interests to your specific subject.

Effects of Air Pollution in Delhi - 1950 Words

Introduction Air is the ocean we breathe. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. Human activities can release substances into the air, some of which can cause problems for humans, plants, and animals. There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and holes in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the whole environment. One type of air pollution is the release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy. Diesel smoke is a good example of this†¦show more content†¦Data from continuous monitoring of air quality reveals that suspended particulate matter levels still far exceed stipulated standards, there is a significant downward trend as indicated in the following tables. Due to phenomenal growth in the number of motor vehicles Delhi and power generation based on a fired power stations, total amount on coal fired power stations, and total amount of pollutants received by the city is around 3000 tonnes as compared to 100 tonnes a decade ago. Sixty five percent of these pollutants are produced by motor vehicles. Annual average maximum, levels of SPM in Delhis air has increased from 7.6 times the permissible limit in 1987 to 16.7 time in 1995. The steep increase in vehicle population has resulted in a corresponding increase in pollutants emitted by vehicles. Petrol consumption has increased from 133 thousands tons in 1980-81 to 449 thousand tons in 1996-97 and HSD consumption from 377 thousands tons to 1,234 thousand tons during the same period. Two wheelers, which constitute 66% of the vehicles registered in Delhi, are the major source of air pollution. Thermal power plants contribute to 13% of air pollution. 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Discrete Time Signal Processing Third Edition

Question: Describe about the Discrete Time Signal Processing Third Edition? Answer: Define Phase: The call center was trying to effective solutions to enhance their business growth through application of six sigma principles. However, the management used DMAIC (Define, measure, analyze, improvement and control) methodology to resolve their problems. According to Al Aomar, (2012) use of DMAIC methodology can generate useful output when an existing process is going to be improved. In this case, call center management focused on modifying its current service delivery process through DMAIC methodology. Albeanu et al., (2010) opined that define phase of DMAIC methodology is not only important for determining project objectives; it is also useful to identify project deliverables to client. Before starting this six-sigma project, the management completed tasks related to identification of key drivers for higher customer satisfaction. Main tasks of define phase include- specifying the targets by using a project charter, identifying deliverables of this project at different stages, identification of resources required in this project and mapping the final process (Ismyrlis and Moschidis, 2013). Customers show less tendency of preferring one particular organization if competition is high ((Johannesson, 2011).While conducting market analysis before commencement of this project, management realized that other organizations of ITES (Information Technology Enabled Services) are also providing services to customers at the same cost. It indicates that customers can choose one organization from many options. It is making customer retention process more difficult. Findings of the market analysis indicate that the business growth of this company is average with respect to other organizations. Although customer satisfaction is one of the most influencing factors business growth, other factors such as operating costs and delivery time of services also impact on the growth significantly (Nave, 2015).Pre project data analysis reflects that the best performing organizations in market spend less on each call. Analysis also reflects that cost to each call depends on the wait time for customers, number of call transfers to other staffs and time spent on a call to answer questions of customers. Primary goals of the current six-sigma project are decided on basis of these findings. These goals include reduction of average cost of calls by reducing wait time and number of call transfers. The tasks in define phase are as follows: Project charter development Analyzing customer requirements Full process plan development Project Charter: Project Information Project Name Business growth enhancement for call-center Chartered date Sponsoring organization 1-800 We Answer Project start date Revision Number n/a Target Completion date Team Sponsors Project sponsor Contact Number Project Black Belt Contact Number Project Green Belt Contact Number Additional Team members Name Role Contact Principle Stakeholders Name Role Contact 1-800 We answer Main Client 1-212-868-1121 Principle objective of the project is increasing business growth for the call center. It will be achieved by finding solutions for reducing operational cost for a call. The project also aims at finding solutions to reduce wait time, number of call transfers and service delivery time. Project Goals: There are several organizations in ITES industry which offer customers with different services at lower cost. As several options are available in ITES market it is always difficult to retain existing customers. Findings of market analysis reveal that profitability in ITES market does not depend only on customer satisfaction. Operating cost of an organization also impacts on the net revenue. Operating cost for the organization is already higher than other organization in reducing continuously. As service delivery time is also higher than best-performing organizations, the company is facing difficulties to retain its existing customers. High delivery time is also restricting current call-center to attracts new customers. Operating cost and service quality requires to be increased to acquire better position in market. It also indicates that the organization needs to increase their customer satisfaction level for enhancing profitability. Process problem: Scope of the project: Scopes of the projects are as follows: Conducting a detailed market analysis through benchmarking technique and indentifying the position of the organization by comparing its performance with other organizations in same field. Getting information from existing customers on their view regarding satisfactory services. It can be conducted by arranging telephonic interviews among customers. COPIS (Supplier, input, process, output, and customers) can be developed to document detailed information on clients. Identification of available resources which needs to be utilized in more effective way to attain goal of the project and finding solutions to optimize usefulness of existing resources. Identification of new resources which can be required to enhance business performance. Process importance: As competition is high in ITES industry, We-answer requires enhancing their profit to avoid any degradation in their current market position. As several organizations are providing IT services to customers, it is important to reduce operating cost for attaining competitive advantages. However, the organization also requires reducing their operating cost to increase profitability. Other organizations in the same industry successfully reduced their operating costs and thus earned higher profit. Current condition of this industry clearly reflects that We-answer needs to stop increase in operating cost immediately to avoid further degradation. It also indicates that the organization also requires reducing cost to per call for earning more profit. However, for attaining long term business growth only reduction in operational costs is not sufficient. The organization also needs to increase its customer base while retaining existing clients. It reflects that the improvement in service quali ty is one of the important factors for business growth. Authorized resources: Project Sponsor-Call center management Management of the call-center is responsible for ensuring that their staffs are co-operating with six-sigma team. They are also responsible for providing all supports and resources to six-sigma team whenever required. Stakeholder-Six sigma team Members of this team are responsible for ensuring that the current project is successfully executed and all deliverables f this project are able to bring high ROI(Return On Investment) for the company. Project schedule: ID Task Duration 1 Definition Phase 15 days 2 Data collection from neutral source 4 days 3 Data analysis 2 days 4 Informing call-center management about the findings 0.5 day 5 Conducting telephonic interviews among customers 3 days 6 Gathering data collected from customers and development of COPIS table 1 day 7 Identification of available resources required in this project 0.5 day 8 Team development 1 day 9 Consulting with call-center management regarding budget 0.5 day 10 Deciding schedule for project 1 day 11 Drafting and finalizing charter for project 0.5 day 12 Developing project plan 1 day 13 Process mapping 3 day 14 Identification of gaps and finding solutions 1 day 15 Meeting with call center management 1 day 16 Measure phase 5 days 17 Collecting data 3 days 18 Analyzing data 2 days 19 Improvement Phase 10 days 20 Prioritizing issues 2 days 21 Developing solutions 5 days 22 Reviewing solutions with management 1 day 23 Developing strategy implementation plan 2 days 24 Control phase 2 days Morgan and Brenig-Jones (2012) opined that phases in DMAIC approach are dependent on each other and outputs of every phase are important as these are used in next phase also. Activities in the measurement phase will be conducted on basis of the output of obtained in definition phase (Antony and Kumar, 2012). The management applied benchmarking approach to find their position in market. Use of benchmarking approach enables an organization to compare their performance with others (Jardim, 2013). Average costs per calls for different organizations in the industry are listed below: Figure 1: Comparison between costs per calls of different call centers Analyzing requirements: According to Zhu, Mao and Li, (2013) use of benchmarking techniques not only enables an organization to locate them in market; it is also useful for identification of key drivers for business growth (Barone et al., 2014). In this phase A COPIS chart is also developed on basis of the telephonic interviews conducted among customers. Customer Output Process Inputs Suppliers Clients System engaged Automatic answering of calls (Automated process) Telephone connection Call switching infrastructure Phone service providers and IT staffs Clients Information is collected in system Collecting queries (manual) Staffs Infrastructure to manage call Management and IT staffs Clients Decision regarding responses Evaluating queries and determining whether it can be answered (manual process) Database Trained staffs IT Staffs and HR department Clients Providing solution Available solutions collected Successful Delivery of collected solution Database IT staffs Clients Transferring query to higher level Transferring calls if it cannot be resolved by lower staffs (manual process) Higher level staffs HR team Management of call center Recording customer details and successful resolution Record data regarding call Collecting feedback from customers IT staffs and call center management Table 1: COPIS chart for call center As stated by Yu and Ueng, (2012) development of COPIS chart is not only useful to resources required for each process, but it also can be used to predict the problems encountered during execution of the process. COPIS chart analysis is useful for development of process map (Kosina, 2013).In this project a process map is developed during definition phase to identify the problems that may be encountered by a caller. Figure 2: Process map for answering call in call center Key findings: Comparison on average costs per call for different call centers indicates that the cost for each call is higher than average performing organizations. Analysis of the process map developed in this phase indicates that a customer may need to wait if the answering process is engaged. Delay in service delivery may also occur if the solution is not available to lower level staff. Delay in query processing can reduce customer satisfaction. On other hand, if the customer does not get any solution from staffs, satisfaction level also decreases. On basis of process map analysis it is evident that increase in service delivery time of the organization is affecting the customer satisfaction level thus reducing net profit of organization. Measure and analysis: In measurement phase of six sigma project, key findings of previous phase are used to determine factors which are affecting business growth of the organization (Yamamoto, Abraham and Malatestinic, 2010).On basis of pervious findings, it is evident that increased cost per call and service delivery time is affecting the revenue. However, the organization also needs to increase availability of solutions so that the queries presented by customers can be resolved on the first call. According to Kubiak, (2012) ease of information access enhances business growth. In the measuring phase, at first the reasons behind degradation of key business performance parameters are identified (Besseris, 2011) .Six sigma team aims to find solution for the problems identified in definition phase. In this phase, the team also determines standard values of key parameters which will be useful for upgrading market position. Tasks of this stage are listed as follows: Identification of supporting factors and Data collection plan: Data collection is one of the important tasks of measurement and analysis phase (Cano et al., 2012). Voehl (2013) suggested as major business performance parameters are influenced by different factors, inappropriate determination of these supporting factors often generate erroneous result. In this task factors influencing key parameters will be identified. Standardizing business performance measurement parameters and comparing collected data with standards: In this phase, collected data will be compared with standardized values to identify the root causes behind variation in business performance. Outputs of measurement process will be used to compare the current performance of business with standardized performance (de Mast and Lokkerbol, 2012). It is also effective for prioritizing the areas which require to be improved. Identification of supporting factors and Data collection plan: The current phase deals with measurement of two important business performance parameters-customer satisfaction and call per cost. Determining accurate knowledge on customer satisfaction level is difficult as it is dependent on several other parameters also (Neves and Nakhai, 2011).Here factors influencing customer satisfaction and cost per call are determined. Factors influencing customer satisfaction: Figure 3: Factors influencing customer satisfaction in call center Figure 3 describes the factors which are influencing customer satisfaction level of the call center. Taghizadegan (2013) stated that service delivery time is one of the most important factors which impact on customer satisfaction. However service delivery time depends on performance of staffs and accessibility of resources. According to Nicoletti (2013) organizations which emphasize more on regular training of staffs, get the benefit of increased business growth. On other hand, performance of an employee does not depend on quality of training provided by organization, experience in a particular task also influences the expertise in that field (Tan, 2015) .From the above figure, it is evident that in this particular call center, time required for each call depends on the delivery of service medium. Use of web-based services such as E-mails reduces time span for a call. As selection of service delivery medium depends on customers preferences, total time span can become uncontrollable i n some cases. Factors influencing call per cost: Figure 4: Factors influencing call per cost Although availability of skilled employees is essential to reduce operating cost, availability of resources is also equally important for the purpose (Stephen, 2015).If time to access required resources increase, operating cost also increases (Kumar and Naidu, 2011).Figure 4 reflects if recovery time of information from databases increase, cost of each call will also increase. However, the cost also depends on nature of call. Data collection plan: The project team identified some areas of business activities for data collection. The team also decided process how data will be collected. Parameters Data collection plan and actions Customer satisfaction level Conducting survey by telephonic interviews, Recording customer feedback after each query Analyzing the survey records to track current trends in market Cost per call Recording the total time to answer a call Cost to find the solution Cost for calling back the customer Time required for providing solution Total number of days required to satisfy the customer is the problem was not resolved on first call Service delivery time Time required to start a communication (It will be tracked automatically by existing system) Waiting time Of customers Total time the customers required to wait if the system was engaged (It will also be tracked automatically) Number of transfers Total number of call transfer to higher authority (tracked automatically) Table 2: Data collection plan Table 2 shows a collection plan which will be used to gather data. Proper development of data collection plan increases chance of getting accurate information (Lertwattanapongchai and Swierczek, 2014).In this plan, data regarding customer satisfaction level is given the most prioritized. Gathering information on customer satisfaction level is useful for identifying drawbacks in current system and it also helps an organization to develop its future business strategies (Srinivasan et al., 2014).However, the data regarding customer feedback can be collected by conducting industry survey (Maleyeff et al.,2012). Feedbacks of customers can also be collected through telephonic interviews (Mandelbaum, 2012). Apart from these, a customer can be requested to give feedback whenever the call center is providing service. Staffs of the cal center can be engaged for collecting feedbacks from customers and conducting telephonic interviews. Cost per call is one of the most influencing factors for net revenue of a call center. According to (Snee, 2010) measures taken to reduce operating cost can be more effective if the market expansion strategies are difficult to be implemented. Organizations operating in highly competitive market often shows the tendency to control operating cost for increasing revenue instead of implementing new market development strategies (Reosekar and Pohekar, 2014) .Cost per call for the call center can be measured in three stages. The total cost of a call not only depends on total time required to answer it, but it is also dependent on process of searching solution from databases. Cost for answering each call also depends on number of call transfers to higher authority. Apart from this, call center management needs to record details of each call and also requires updating database after communicating with a client. All these processes increase total cost of each call. Sometimes, staffs of the or ganization fail to provide satisfactory answer to a client. In such cases, staffs call the client back and it affects operational cost of organization. The total cost required to answer a call will be calculated by system. Customer satisfaction depends significantly on the time required to deliver a service (Shaffie and Shahbazi, 2012). In this project, measurement on total time required to satisfy a customer is important. If the query is not resolved on first call, then the total number of days will be counted to measure delay in response. In case of call centers, prompt answer to the first call increases loyalty of customers to a particular organization (Singh et al., 2010). Tasks in measurement and analysis phase of this project also include measurement of wait time. If a call is transferred to higher level for several times, wait time increases and thus customers satisfaction level decreases significantly. So the number of call transfers will also be recorded automatically by system to identify queries which are difficult to answer at this stage. Standardizing performance criteria: Once data on major performance parameters are collected, next tasks of measurement phase deal with deciding standards for performance parameters Firka, (2010). Data standardization is important to develop improvement actions (Mitreva et al., 2014). The current and standardized values of some parameters are listed below: Performance criteria Standardized parameters Current position Percentage of Satisfied customers after a call 85% 70-75% Cost for responding a call $30 $40 Percentage of transferred call 5% 10% Average Wait time 5-6 minutes Time required for first response of a call 6-7 minutes Table 3: Standardized performance parameters and current position Table 3 shows data for standardized performance criteria and current position of this call center. Ramly (2012) suggested that, organizations should set targets for future business development on basis of analysis made on its strengths and weaknesses. However, tendency of management to take risks is important for rapid business growth (Ping Yi et al., 2012). The six sigma team also developed the target values for key performance parameters according to existing infrastructure of an organization (Morgan and Brenig-Jones, 2012). In case of performance standardization also, attaining customer satisfaction is given the most importance. Currently, services of the organization able to satisfy only 70-75% customers. Project team set target to increase number of satisfied customers up to 85%. Analysis and key findings: On basis of the tasks conducted in the second phase it is revealed that the current supporting cost for each call of this call center are much higher than expected cost. So the project tem immediately find solutions to reduce operating cost. Number of call transfers is also higher than the expected value. As it increases wait time for customers, loyalty of customers reduces with increase in number of call transfer. Improvement phase: According to Parast (2015) determining the effects of internal and external factors on revenue is important in improvement phase, as these findings are mandatory for deciding control actions. This phase of the project deals with determining solutions for the problems addressed in previous phases (Gershon and Rajashekharaiah, 2013). In this phase, six-sigma team recorded key reasons for degradation in business growth of the call center and also evaluated their impact on business performance. Tasks which are conducted in improvement phase are as follows: Prioritization of remedial measures: At this stage, impacts of all business issues are recorded and evaluated. Remedial measures for these issues are also developed at this stage. However, these strategies will be implemented according to their priority. All business issues should be solved according to their priority for getting better result (Neves and Nakhai, 2011). Developing plan for improvement strategy implementation: Tasks in improvement stage include remedial strategy development plan for the call center. Prioritization of remedial measures: On basis of analysis made in previous stages, issues affecting call center performance are listed according to their priority. Reducing support cost for each call: Support cost for this call center is higher than most of other organizations in market. It indicates that the organization requires reducing support cost for increasing profit. Reducing number of call transfer: Analysis of collected data shows that staffs have a tendency of transferring calls to higher level. It increases wait time, reduces customer satisfaction and also increases cost of each call. Staff training and increasing availability of information is required to solve this problem. Reducing wait time: Often customers have to wait for a long time to get responses and it reduces chances of returning back to this call center. Main reasons for this problems are- less availability of staffs and improper scheduling of work. Plan for improvement strategy implementation: Improvement strategies are implemented in different stages according to their importance in business (Guo and Zhu, 2014). Implementation plan for these strategies are shown below. Target Strategies Reducing support cost Implementing web based services Training staffs to reduce call transfer and number of call backs Reducing Number of call transfer Increasing availability of right information Staff training Reducing wait time Increasing number of staffs Changing work schedule Table 4: Remedial strategy implementation plan Control phase: In Six sigma process control actions are taken for a period (Plenert, 2012).Control actions for modified processes are being taken continuously (Gygi et al., 2013). Data regarding customer satisfaction, support cost, and service delivery time are recorded regularly and data are compared with standard .Management is taking actions to upgrade the database. The organization is hiring new employees. Trainings are arranged for existing employees. Conclusion: Outcomes of this project reflect that improvement strategies are effective to solve problems faced by the organization. Although the call center required strategies which will result immediate effect on business growth, these steps can effectively increase business growth in future also. References Al Aomar, R. (2012). A lean construction framework with Six Sigma rating. Lean Six Sigma Journal, 3(4), pp.299-314. Albeanu, M., Hunter, I. and Radford, J. (2010). Six Sigma in HR transformation. Farnham, England: Gower Pub. Antony, J. and Kumar, M. (2012). Lean and Six Sigma Methodologies in NHS Scotland: An Empirical Study and Directions for Future Research. QIP Journal, 16(2). Barone, S., Doverholt, T., Errore, A. and Lombardo, A. (2014). Six Sigma in small- and medium-sized enterprises: a Black Belt project in the Swedish steel industry. International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, 8(2), p.125. Besseris, G. (2011). Applying the DOE toolkit on a Lean and Green Six Sigma Maritime Operation Improvement Project. Lean Six Sigma Journal, 2(3), pp.270-284. 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Value engineering synergies with Lean Six Sigma. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Mitreva, E., Taskov, N. and Rizovska Jovanovska, S. (2014). THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGIES FOR THE SIX SIGMA METHOD AND TQM STRATEGY AS WELL AS THEIR APPLICATION IN PRACTICE IN MACEDONIA. IIASS, 7(2), pp.135-144. Morgan, J. and Brenig-Jones, M. (2012). Lean six sigma for dummies. Chichester: Wiley. Nave, D. (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.lean.org/Search/Documents/242.pdf [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. Neves, J. and Nakhai, B. (2011). Six Sigma for services: a service quality framework. IJPQM, 7(4), p.463. Nicoletti, B. (2013). Lean Six Sigma and digitize procurement. Lean Six Sigma Journal, 4(2), pp.184-203. Parast, M. (2015). [online] Available at: https://web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/users/arborfish/lesson/10247.pdf [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. Ping Yi, T., Jeng Feng, C., Prakash, J. and Wei Ping, L. (2012). Reducing electronic component losses in lean electronics assembly with Six Sigma approach. Lean Six Sigma Journal, 3(3), pp.206-230. Plenert, G. (2012). Driving Strategy to Execution Using Lean Six Sigma. Hoboken: CRC Press. Ramly, N. (2012). Six Sigma DMAIC: Process Improvements towards BetterIT Customer Support. IJEEEE. Reosekar, R. and D. Pohekar, S. (2014). Six Sigma methodology: a structured review. Lean Six Sigma Journal, 5(4), pp.392-422. Shaffie, S. and Shahbazi, S. (2012). Lean Six Sigma. New York: McGraw-Hill. Singh, B., Garg, S., Sharma, S. and Grewal, C. (2010). Lean implementation and its benefits to production industry. Lean Six Sigma Journal, 1(2), pp.157-168. Snee, R. (2010). Lean Six Sigma getting better all the time. Lean Six Sigma Journal, 1(1), pp.9-29. Srinivasan, K., Muthu, S., Devadasan, S. and Sugumaran, C. (2014). Enhancing Effectiveness of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger through Six Sigma DMAIC Phases. Procedia Engineering, 97, pp.2064-2071. Stephen, P. (2015). [online] Available at: https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06152004-123300/unrestricted/thesis.pdf [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. Taghizadegan, S. (2013). Mastering Lean Six Sigma. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017): Momentum Press. Tan, K. (2015). [online] Available at: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/34306/1/c34306.pdf [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. Voehl, F. (2013). Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Handbook. CRC Press (an imprint of Taylor Francis). Yamamoto, J., Abraham, D. and Malatestinic, B. (2010). Improving Insulin Distribution and Administration Safety Using Lean Six Sigma Methodologies. Hospital Pharmacy, 45(3), pp.212-224. Yu, K. and Ueng, R. (2012). Enhancing teaching effectiveness by using the Six-Sigma DMAIC model. Assessment Evaluation in Higher Education, 37(8), pp.949-961. Zhu, J., Mao, P. and Li, M. (2013). Design Process Optimization Method of Indemnificatory Housing Project Based on DMAIC Theory. AMM, 357-360, pp.2182-2187.

The Primary Socialization Phase Social Policy Essay Essay Example

The Primary Socialization Phase Social Policy Essay Paper Primary socialisation could be more of import than secondary socialisation as the primary socialisation stage is the basic measure that an single takes to come in into society. Socialization has been described as to render societal or do person able to populate in society and larn the societal norms and imposts. Socialization is cardinal to the operation of any society and is besides cardinal to the outgrowth of modernness. Socialization tends to function two major maps of fixing an person to play and develop functions, wonts, beliefs and values and arouse appropriate forms of emotional, societal and physical responses assisting to pass on contents of civilization and its continuity and continuity ( Chinoy, 1961 ) . However societal regulations and societal systems should be integrated with the person s ain societal experiences. However single societal experiences have become much less of import in the survey of socialisation as the focal point is now on placing maps of establishments and systems in socialisation and cultural alterations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Primary Socialization Phase Social Policy Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Primary Socialization Phase Social Policy Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Primary Socialization Phase Social Policy Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Socialization is particularly true in household and instruction and has been seen in many household signifiers and differences in gender functions, in cultural diverseness and in occupational criterions. However it is of import to observe the relationship between moralss, norms, values, functions in socialisation. Socialization is the agencies through which societal and cultural continuity is attained nevertheless socialisation itself may non take to desirable effects although it is a procedure and meant to hold an impact on all facets of society and the person ( Chinoy, 1961 ) . Socialization provides partial account for the human status as besides the beliefs and behavior of society although the function of environment may besides be important in any procedure of socialisation ( Johnson, 1961 ) . Both socialisation and biological science could hold an impact on how people are shaped by the environment and their cistrons and behavioral results are besides significantly different as the capacity for larning alterations throughout a life-time. Socialization could hold many agents such as the household, friends and school, spiritual establishments and equal groups as besides the mass media and work topographic point co-workers. The household establishes basic attitudes whereas schools build moralss and values, spiritual establishments affect our belief systems and peer groups assist in sharing societal traits. Socialization is normally seen as a life procedure and a continued interaction will all agents of society in a mode that is most good to persons. Socialization could be primary which occurs in a kid as the kid learns attitudes, values, actions as members of peculiar societies and civilizations. If a kid experiences racist attitudes in the household, this could hold an consequence on the kid s attitudes towards minorities and other races. Primary socialisation is the first and basic measure towards interactions with the outside universe and the household is the first agent in primary socialisation as the household introduces a kid to the universe exterior, to its beliefs, imposts, norms and helps the kid in accommodating to the new environment ( Clausen, 1968 ) . Secondary socialisation happens when a kid moves out of household and larn how to act within a little community or societal group and adolescents or striplings are mostly influenced by secondary socialisation as they may come in a new school. Entering a new profession is besides secondary socialisation of grownups and whereas primary socialisation is more generalised, secondary socialisation is accommodating to specific environments. Primary socialisation happens early in life and is the first socialisation in kids and striplings when new attitudes and thoughts develop for societal interaction. Secondary socialisation refers to socialization that takes topographic point through one s life and can happen in kids every bit good as in older grownups as it means accommodating to new state of affairss and covering with new brushs ( White, 1977 ) . There are other types of socialisation such as developmental socialisation and prevenient socialisation. Developmental socialisation is about developing societal accomplishments and larning behavior within a societal establishment and prevenient socialisation is about understanding and foretelling future state of affairss and relationships and developing societal responses or accomplishments to these state of affairss. Re-socialization is another procedure of socialisation in which former behavioural forms are discarded to larn new values and norms. This could be a new gender function if there is a status of sex alteration. Socialization is a cardinal sociological construct and the elements of socialisation are by and large agreed upon as holding specific ends such as impulse control and cultivating new functions, cultivation of significance beginnings. Socialization is the procedure that helps in societal operation and is frequently considered as culturally comparative as people from different civilizations socialize otherwise ( White, 1977 ) . Since socialisation is an acceptance of civilization, the procedure of socialisation is different for every civilization. Socialization has been described as both a procedure and an result. It has been argued that the nucleus individuality of an person and the basic life beliefs and attitudes develop during primary socialisation and the more specific alterations through secondary socialisation occurs in different structured societal state of affairss. Life socialisation, particularly through societal state of affairss as in secondary socialisation, the demand fo r ulterior life state of affairss highlights the complexness of society and addition in varied functions and duties. However there could be several differences between primary and secondary socialisation as Mortimer and Simmons ( 1978 ) showed how these two types of socialisation differ. Content, context and response are the three ways in which the differences between primary and secondary socialisation could be explained. In childhood socialisation involves ordinance of biological thrusts and impulse control which is subsequently replaced by self image and values in adolescence. In adulthood socialisation is more about specific norms and behaviours and relates to work functions and personality traits development. Context or the environment in socialisation is besides of import as the individual who is socialized seeks to larn within the context of household and school or equal groups. Relationships are besides emotional and socialisation besides takes topographic point as an single takes the grownup function. Formal and informal relationships tend to differ harmonizing to situational context and in some instances contexts tend to impact the emotional nature of relationships. Equally far as reacting to state of affairss is concerned, kids and striplings could be more easy moulded than grownups as grownup socialisation is more voluntary and grownups could pull strings their ain responses well. Socialization involves contacts with multiple groups in different contexts and interactions at assorted degrees. Socialization is a societal procedure and in the procedure of socialisation, parents, friends, schools, co workers, household members tend to play a major function ( Chinoy, 1961 ) . However socialisation could hold its positive or negative impact as seen in wide and narrow socialisation procedure as in wide socialisation, individuality, and self look are of import whereas in instance of narrow socialisation conformance is more of import. This distinction was provided by Arnett ( 1995 ) who suggested that socialisation could ensue in both wide and narrow societal interaction procedure as wide socialisation helps in enlargement and narrow socialisation is more about conformance and harmonizing to Arnett, socialisation could be wide or narrow within the socialisation forces of friends, household, school, equal group, co workers etc. Socialization type could change across civilizations as in America for case there is an increased accent on individuality whereas in many Asiatic states as in India or Japan socialisation could be approximately conformance to religious or societal norms ( Arnett, 1995 ) . However primary socialisation could be more important than secondary socialisation as primary socialisation is about organizing a basic attitude towards people and society and this in bend helps in determining the individuality of persons as a kid. Primary socialisation is societal larning procedure in childhood whereas secondary socialisation is societal larning in maturity or societal acquisition added to already bing basic acquisition procedure so secondary socialisation is approximately added acquisition and in some instances substitute larning where alterations in the socialisation procedure takes topographic point due to new environments such as alteration of workplace or come ining new work environments or new schools ( Johnson, 1961 ) . Primary socialisation is more basic as in primary socialisation the kid learns the really first societal responses and develops the first societal beliefs and attitudes. Based on primary socialisation procedure, secondary socialisation is about utilizing the primary socially erudite responses to accommodate them to new environments through secondary socialisation. Since primary socialisation occurs in childhood and in the kid s immediate environment as through place or household, it is more important and has a greater impact on the kid s attitudes and beliefs every bit good as societal and emotional development. Primary socialisation could be said to hold a direct impact on the kid and shapes the hereafter of the kid and how he grows up with certain beliefs as in instance of kids who see racial hatred in the household is more prone to develop their ain hatred towards other races as a consequence of direct conditioning in the household environment. In fact the immature people in ulter ior old ages are particularly shaped by what they learnt and experienced in childhood and how they were conditioned to respond to state of affairss and people and therefore primary socialisation is of greater significance in later old ages than secondary socialisation ( Clausen, 1968 ) . Within this context, households and schools are of premier importance and are considered as the first agents that implement the procedures of societal control. Youth offense and anti societal behaviour could be explained with the assistance of direct primary socialisation as what the single learns at place is of major importance and shapes his ulterior life and could besides explicate any sort of aberrance ( Pitts, 2001 ) . Young people enter offense perchance through racial hatred or deficiency of societal inclusion and these attitudes such as against other races are formed in childhood or adolescence and the kid normally learns from the household members, school equals and direct societal environment ( Muncie, 2004 ) . Social inclusion is one of the major issues of socialisation as emphasized by the authorities as minority communities and persons from different races and faiths may experience excluded and this exclusion leads to a sense of defeat and offense among the young person of the excluded groups ( McAuley, 2007 ) . In order to get the better of this sense of exclusion, minority groups and particularly the immature people of minority groups have been given particular support through assorted societal services of inclusion and inclusion is besides portion of the socialisation procedure and could be considered every bit secondary as persons go through societal inclusion adaptative procedures and behaviour after they have been already brought up and undergone primary socialisation in their household places or schools that were non excessively contributing to inclusion. In fact the devising of responsible citizens include adaptative procedures at place, household and school, work or general community and the immature people develop cognition of civilizations at place and in the community and besides back their ain subcultures of societal attitudes and behaviour that are influenced by primary instead than secondary socialisation ( Hall and Jefferson, 1976 ) . Sing that primary socialisation and what we learn from the immediate environment in childhood is more of import than secondary socialisation and what we learn at the workplace or in new environments, primary socialisation still remains the basic socialisation procedure and secondary socialisation merely implies a alteration or an add-on to what has been already learnt in childhood. Bibliography Arnett, Jeffrey J. 1995. Broad and Narrow Socialization: The Family in the Context of a Cultural Theory. Journal of Marriage and the Family 57 ( 3 ) :617-28. Buckingham, D. The devising of citizens. Young people, intelligence and political relations. London: Routledge. Byrne, D ( 2001 ) Understanding the Urban, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan Chinoy, Ely ( 1961 ) Society: An Introduction to Sociology, New York: Random House. Clausen, John A. ( ed. ) ( 1968 ) Socialization and Society, Boston: Small Brown and Company Fyfe, N ( erectile dysfunction ) ( 1998 ) Images of the Street: Representation, Experience and Control in Public Space, London: Routledge Foucault, M. ( 1977 ) Discipline and Punish London: Penguin Hall, S. and Jefferson, T. ( 1976 ) Resistance through rites, young person subcultures in post-war Britain. . Johnson, Harry M. ( 1961 ) Sociology: A Systematic Introduction, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. McAuley, R ( 2007 ) Out of Sight: Crime, Youth and Social Exclusion in modern Britain, Cullompton: Willan McLaughlin, E ; J Muncie A ; G Hughes ( explosive detection systems ) 2003 ) Criminological Positions: Essential Readings, London: Sage ( 2nd Edition ) Mortimer, Jeylan T. and Roberta G. Simmons. 1978. Adult Socialization. Annual Review of Sociology 4:421-54. Muncie J ( 2004 ) Young person and Crime, London: Sage ( 2nd Edition ) Pitts, J ( 2001 ) The New Politics of Youth Crime, London: Palgrave Macmillan. White, Graham ( 1977 ) Socialization, London: Longman

Demasiado Spanish Word Usage

Demasiado Spanish Word Usage Demasiado is a common adjective or adverb that usually carries the idea of too, too much, too many, excessive or excessively. When used as an adjective, demasiado precedes the noun it refers to and agrees in number and gender with it. Demasiado can also appear in the predicate of a sentence following a form of ser. Tres partidos polà ­ticos son demasiados. Three political parties are too many. Hay demasiado azà ºcar en los cereales de los nià ±os. There is too much sugar in childrens cereals. Fue demasiada la tentacià ³n. The temptation was too much. Tener demasiados amigos en Facebook provoca estrà ©s y culpa. Having too many friends on Facebook causes stress and guilt.  ¿Se puede tener demasiado amor, demasiada fe o demasiada honestidad? Considero que no. Can one have too much love, too much faith or too much honesty? I think not. As an adverb, demasiado is invariable - that is, it doesnt change in form. It typically comes before any adjective or adverb it affects the meaning of but after any such verb. El verano llegà ³ demasiado rpido. Summer arrived too quickly. El expresidente habla demasiado y sus declaraciones son desatinadas. The former president talks too much and his statements are foolish. Dicen que los coches ecolà ³gicos son demasiado caros. They say green cars are too expensive. Soy demasiado inteligente para creer en esas cosas. Im too smart to believe in those things. Las reas brillantes pueden aparecer demasiado blancas en las fotos. Bright areas can seem too white in the photos. El problema es que mi marido trabaja demasiado. The problem is that my husband works too much. In popular speech, you may sometimes hear demasiado as an adverb made to agree with an adjective it refers to, but this is not considered grammatically proper Spanish. As an exception to the rule, however, it is correct to make demasiado agree with forms of poco: Pasan demasiadas cosas en demasiadas pocas pginas. Too many things happen in too few pages. Sample sentences are adapted from a variety of sources. Among those used in preparaing this lesson: Tiempo (Honduras), ABC (Spain), San-Pablo.com.ar, Bogo de la web, Actualidad Motor, Reina del Cielo, Ideeleradio, Sony.es, ForoAmor.com, Cinemascope.

The analysis by Steel Tube division of Engineering Products Plc Assignment

The analysis by Steel Tube division of Engineering Products Plc accountant - Assignment Example Center of discussion in this paper is a financial analyst for Steel Tube division of Engineering Products Plc named Roger Davis. He is having a tough time convincing the management for a project proposal. The analysis by his accountant and the additional information obtained from other sources has added to his woes. Roger Davis needs to convince his managing director about the viability of a new proposal for computer numerically controlled (CNC) milling machine. The MD is not ready to spend money on the project unless it can start yielding profits within 3 years. However, the accountant’s analysis shows an overall loss for the project over the next 4 years. It won’t be prudent to expect much from the project after this period. Roger has collected a lot of additional information as well. But he has not been able to justify the viability of the project with given information. Most of the information available to Roger seems relevant at first sight. However, the consultant charges of  £18,000 have already been paid by the company. Hence, they would not make much difference to the investment decision. Also acquiring opening stock at the beginning of the year rather than considering the same at year end would have minimal impact on the decision (the impact due to time value of money would be very small as compared to other numbers) and hence should be neglected for analysis. In addition there are pieces of information which don not directly reflect the performance of the project and must be excluded for a fair evaluation. They would be discussed in greater detail in section 5. 4. Cash flow Analysis using all additional information The accountant’s analysis was quite limited. Therefore, additional information collected by Roger needs to be incorporated in the financial analysis (Johnson, Derek). The same has been done in Table 4.1. The methodology for the same is discussed here. Table 4.1: Cash Flow Analysis using Accountant’s Analysis a nd Additional Information    Year       0 1 2 3 4 Total Sales    400.00 600.00 800.00 600.00    Cost of Sales    180.00 300.00 380.00 300.00    Labour Cost    80.00 120.00 120.00 80.00    Revised Other production expenses    64.00 66.00 68.00 84.00    Depreciation    40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00    Administrative Overhead    54.00 76.00 74.00 74.00    Interest on loans    22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00    Total Cost    440.00 624.00 704.00 600.00    PBT    -40.00 -24.00 96.00 0.00    PBDT    0.00 16.00 136.00 40.00    Depreciation for Tax purpose    60.00 45.00 33.75 25.31    Cumulative Depreciation for Tax purpose    60.00 105.00 138.75 164.06    PBT (for Tax purpose)    -60.00 -29.00 102.25 14.69    PAT (for Tax purpose)    -42.00 -20.30 71.58 10.28    Net profit (for company)    -62.00 -25.30 77.83 24.97    Scrap sales 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00    Cash benefits due to sell-off of existing machine 0.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.0 0    Additional advertising expenses -40.00 -8.00 -8.00 -8.00 -8.00    Consultant expenses -18.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00    Reduction in sales of competing products    -60.00 -60.00 -60.00 -60.00    Net cash flow -38.00 -112.00 -75.30 27.83 -5.03

The Workplace Relations Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Workplace Relations Amendment - Essay Example (Parliament of Australia, 2006) The bill has caused strong reactions from numerous stakeholders. A substantial number of employer association affirmed their support for the Bill. However, there are also some trade unions and labor associations that strongly campaigned against the Act. Some of these groups oppose the way the Bill was passed in parliament; they feel that most of them were not adequately informed about it. These arguments were brought forward by opposition members of parliament who argued that members of the Liberal National Coalition did not give the Bill enough time. However, there are intentions to change many parts of the Work Choices legislation as asserted by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd. He represents the Labor party which may have won the election due to this issue. Numerous opposition parliamentarians were opposed to the legislation. This affected the way the matter was handled in parliament. These opposition members; who represented the Labor party, claimed that there were inadequate copies of the Bill. Consequently, they took part in numerous campaigns against the Bill on the day it was introduced. Matters became more heated when parliamentarians were required to question the Bill; Labor party members were seen interrupting remarks made by proponents of the Bill and a substantial number had to be removed from the House. ... This was quite a hurried arrangement. As if that was not enough, the Bill was passed exactly a month after it had been introduced. Minister at that time argued that the hurried response was to avoid introduction of the legislation during an election year. However, this undermined the need for consensus. In order for pieces of legislation to gain acceptance by the public, they need to be thoroughly scrutinized. When this is not done effectively, some problems may arise in the future especially during implementation. The role of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC) The AIRC has been in charge of unfair dismissals and terminations too. However, the enactment of the Work Choices legislation has reduced their efforts in this regard. For example, employees who wish to make a claim to the Commission about unfair dismissals are expected to do so within a period of twenty one days fork the time their employment was terminated. This means that employees are placed at a disadvantage because twenty one days are not enough. In light of this, the legislation places more power in the hands of the employer rather than the employee since most of them may not be bale to meet this new deadline. The Australian Industrial Relations Commission is expected to approve extensions of claim periods. However, it has been shown that most of the time, these extensions are rarely granted. Part of the reason for this could be that there is a fee for application and most employees may not be able to afford this. Another reason for this observation could be the long procedures that employees have to pass through before they are granted extensions. The Work Relations Amendment has created long procedures;